Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics/Commons based cases in BGP: Difference between revisions

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#* Identify these cases and treat them as entities that will also be placed in our mapping device (the quadrants)
#* Identify these cases and treat them as entities that will also be placed in our mapping device (the quadrants)
#* Identify what actors are participating on this and what actors are just observers (Use the questionnaire to guide your research when appropriate - Carol will select specific relevant and helpful questions)
#* Identify what actors are participating on this and what actors are just observers (Use the questionnaire to guide your research when appropriate - Carol will select specific relevant and helpful questions)


*[http://www.chiron.com/ Chiron]
*[http://www.chiron.com/ Chiron]
**Output: Data
**Output: Data. Chiron maintains connections to lots of individual scientists. Reported 1,400 informal agreements and collaborations with other companies and 64 formal collaborations with other companies (Powell pp. 72-73)
** Chiron maintains connections to lots of individual scientists. Reported 1,400 informal agreements and collaborations with other companies and 64 formal collaborations with other companies (Powell pp. 72-73)
**Comment: Seems Chiron has built a collaborative network qualitatively different from that of other firms. Likely worth investigating more
** Seems Chiron has built a collaborative network qualitatively different from that of other firms. Likely worth investigating more


*[http://www.ensembl.org Ensembl Genome Browser]
*[http://www.ensembl.org Ensembl Genome Browser]
**Output: Data. Freely available genome databases
**Output: Data. Aims to automatically annotate the genome, integrate that annotation with other databases and share the product freely on the web
**Governance: Collaboration between the [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ European Bioinformatics Institute] and the [http://www.sanger.ac.uk/ Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]
** Comment: Interesting case - seems to be using data that's in the commons, managed by private organizations, to produce a new product that is also in the commons


*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov National Center for Biotechnology Information]
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov National Center for Biotechnology Information]
**Output: Data. Publicly available genome databases
**Output: Data. Creates publicly accessible data and analysis systems for biochemistry and genetics
 
**Governance: Division of National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health
*[http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/stories/2009/01/12/daily28.html Collaborative effort by Arizona's three state universities to establish a common research lab]
**Comment: Probably does not count as a common-based system. The tools, while publicly available, do not appear to be publicly edit-able. Might be more useful to see what if any collaborative enterprises ''develop from'' this work
**Output: Tools.


*[http://www.mlive.com/businessreview/annarbor/index.ssf/2008/10/two_michigan_biotech_companies.html Two Michigan Biotech companies decide to share their lab and equipment]  
*[http://www.mlive.com/businessreview/annarbor/index.ssf/2008/10/two_michigan_biotech_companies.html Two Michigan Biotech companies decide to share their lab and equipment]  
**Output: Tools.
**Output: Tools. Two companies didn't have the money to maintain separate labs, so they merged their efforts.
**Comment: It might be interesting to talk to these people personally and ask what if any collaboration this sort of proximity has brought


*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcbiotechnol/ BMC Biotechnology]
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcbiotechnol/ BMC Biotechnology]
**Output: Narratives. Open Access Biotech Journal
**Output: Narratives. Open Access Biotech Journal. Anyone can submit, though maintains a peer-review process
**Governance: The site itself is part of Springer Science+Business Media


*[http://www.cambia.org/daisy/cambia/home.html CAMBIA / BIOS]
*[http://www.cambia.org/daisy/cambia/home.html CAMBIA / BIOS]
** Primarily products: Tools (e.g. new databases) and Narratives (studies and papers)
**Output: Tools (e.g. new databases) and Narratives (studies and papers)
**Governance: Non-profit NGO. Funding through the Norwegian Government, [http://www.horticulture.com.au/ Horticulture Australia], and the [http://www.lemelson.org/home/index.php Lemelson Foundation]
**Should definitely take a look at the [http://www.cambia.org/daisy/cambia/4272 BioForge] project, which aims to encourage collaboration between research groups in the life sciences


*[http://www.biodas.org/wiki/Main_Page Distributed Annotation System]
*[http://www.biodas.org/wiki/Main_Page Distributed Annotation System]
** Products: Data, Narratives and Tools
** Products: Data, Narratives and Tools. Aims to create standard protocol for exchanging genomic annotations
**Governance: Distributed, though with self-appointed leaders
**Comment: This falls under the gray area of the definition of 'commons'. It is much closer to Lessig's definition, where something like TCP/IP could be considered a commons.


*[http://www.genome.gov/10005107 ENCODE]
*[http://www.genome.gov/10005107 ENCODE]
** Primarily products: Data
** Primarily products: Data. Open consortium to identify all functional elements of the human genome. Data is made publicly available
** Governance: Part of the NIH
** Comment: Perfect instance of commons-based production.


*[http://www.hapmap.org HapMap]
*[http://www.hapmap.org HapMap]
**Primarily products: Data
**Primarily products: Data. Coordination between researchers in Canada, China, Japan, Nigeria,  United Kingdom and the United States to identify disease-causing genes. Data released into the public domain
**Governance: Combination of both public and private organizations (http://www.hapmap.org/groups.html)
**Another good instance of commons-based production


*[http://sciencecommons.org/projects/healthcommons/ Health Commons]
*[http://sciencecommons.org/projects/healthcommons/ Health Commons]
** Primarily products: Data, Narratives and Tools
** Primarily products: Data, Narratives and Tools. Coalition of organizations aim to share data under a common set of terms and conditions
**Governance: lead by 501(c)3 Science Commons


*[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml Human Genome Project]
*[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml Human Genome Project]
** Primarily products: Data and Tools
** Primarily products: Data and Tools. Genome sequence available publicly
**Governance: funded through the NIH
**Comment: Another interesting instance of the commons - the government used the power of funding to mandate open access requirements from the organizations which participated.


*[http://www.personalgenomes.org Personal Genome Project]
*[http://www.personalgenomes.org Personal Genome Project]
** Primarily products: Data and Tools
** Primarily products: Data and Tools. Aims to make personal genome sequencing possible and affordable


*[http://openwetware.org/wiki/Main_Page Open Wet Ware]
*[http://openwetware.org/wiki/Main_Page Open Wet Ware]

Revision as of 18:01, 16 March 2009

Answer the questions:

  1. Commons based cases (the cases that we know will appear in the right part of the quadrants)
    • Identify cases
    • Correlate them with their main outputs (Data. Narratives. Tools)
    • How and in what extent they are “experimenting” or “adopting” commons-based approach. Are they adopting OA policies, for instance? Are they adopting Social Responsible License approaches?
    • Identify these cases and treat them as entities that will also be placed in our mapping device (the quadrants)
    • Identify what actors are participating on this and what actors are just observers (Use the questionnaire to guide your research when appropriate - Carol will select specific relevant and helpful questions)
  • Chiron
    • Output: Data. Chiron maintains connections to lots of individual scientists. Reported 1,400 informal agreements and collaborations with other companies and 64 formal collaborations with other companies (Powell pp. 72-73)
    • Comment: Seems Chiron has built a collaborative network qualitatively different from that of other firms. Likely worth investigating more
  • Ensembl Genome Browser
    • Output: Data. Aims to automatically annotate the genome, integrate that annotation with other databases and share the product freely on the web
    • Governance: Collaboration between the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
    • Comment: Interesting case - seems to be using data that's in the commons, managed by private organizations, to produce a new product that is also in the commons
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information
    • Output: Data. Creates publicly accessible data and analysis systems for biochemistry and genetics
    • Governance: Division of National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health
    • Comment: Probably does not count as a common-based system. The tools, while publicly available, do not appear to be publicly edit-able. Might be more useful to see what if any collaborative enterprises develop from this work
  • BMC Biotechnology
    • Output: Narratives. Open Access Biotech Journal. Anyone can submit, though maintains a peer-review process
    • Governance: The site itself is part of Springer Science+Business Media
  • CAMBIA / BIOS
    • Output: Tools (e.g. new databases) and Narratives (studies and papers)
    • Governance: Non-profit NGO. Funding through the Norwegian Government, Horticulture Australia, and the Lemelson Foundation
    • Should definitely take a look at the BioForge project, which aims to encourage collaboration between research groups in the life sciences
  • Distributed Annotation System
    • Products: Data, Narratives and Tools. Aims to create standard protocol for exchanging genomic annotations
    • Governance: Distributed, though with self-appointed leaders
    • Comment: This falls under the gray area of the definition of 'commons'. It is much closer to Lessig's definition, where something like TCP/IP could be considered a commons.
  • ENCODE
    • Primarily products: Data. Open consortium to identify all functional elements of the human genome. Data is made publicly available
    • Governance: Part of the NIH
    • Comment: Perfect instance of commons-based production.
  • HapMap
    • Primarily products: Data. Coordination between researchers in Canada, China, Japan, Nigeria, United Kingdom and the United States to identify disease-causing genes. Data released into the public domain
    • Governance: Combination of both public and private organizations (http://www.hapmap.org/groups.html)
    • Another good instance of commons-based production
  • Health Commons
    • Primarily products: Data, Narratives and Tools. Coalition of organizations aim to share data under a common set of terms and conditions
    • Governance: lead by 501(c)3 Science Commons
  • Human Genome Project
    • Primarily products: Data and Tools. Genome sequence available publicly
    • Governance: funded through the NIH
    • Comment: Another interesting instance of the commons - the government used the power of funding to mandate open access requirements from the organizations which participated.
  • Personal Genome Project
    • Primarily products: Data and Tools. Aims to make personal genome sequencing possible and affordable
  • NCBI
    • Primarily products: Data

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Bibliography for Item 10 in BGP
Biotechnology_-_Genomic_and_Proteomics