Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics/IP Profile of Biggest for-profit companies in BGP/BGP Company Profiles - Data

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NIH

Open Access Mandate:

  • All research projects that get funding from the NIH must make their manuscripts publicly available (http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/04/nih-oa-mandate-after-one-year.html)
    • Statement of policy: “The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law.”
    • possibly has had effect of increasing total use of scientific material. March 2008 (pre-NIH mandate) pub med had 550,000 articles downloaded. March 2009 (1 year after the mandate) there were 680,000
  • thus far successful - people are participating, though informal observations that not all who should be participating are (http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/updatereport/?p=1326)
  • receiving challenges from congress (Conyers)
  • Other examples around the world:
  • Reaction

Celera

Amgen

Who

  • 16,900 employees (2008 Corporate report)
  • History of acquisition (http://www.amgen.com/about/acquisitions.html):
    • 1994 - Synergen, Inc.
    • 2000 - Kinetix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 2002 - Immunex Corporation
    • 2004 - Tularik, Inc.
    • 2006 - Abgenix, Inc.
    • 2006 - Avidia, Inc.
    • 2007 - Ilypsa, Inc.
    • 2007 - Alantos Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
  • Subsidiaries (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Amgen-Inc-Company-History.html):
    • Amgen Australia Pty Ltd.;
    • Amgen N.V.; Amgen Canada Inc.;
    • Amgen Greater China Ltd.;
    • Amgen GmbH (Germany);
    • Amgen S.A. (France);
    • Amgen S.p.A. (Italy);
    • Amgen K.K. (Japan);
    • Amgen B.V. (Netherlands);
    • Amgen-Biofarmaceutica (Portugal);
    • Amgen S.A. (Spain);
    • Amgen (Europe) AG (Switzerland);
    • Kirin-Amgen, Inc. (Switzerland);
    • Amgen Limited (U.K.);
    • Amgen Sales Corporation (West Indies).
  • Unlike many biotech companies, has been consistently profitable. Net profit in 2006 was US$2.9Billion (http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/companyprofile.asp?guid=8632C7AC-1633-4198-8551-BB79570C668D)
  • Managed to turn itself from a drug research company into a pharmaceutical company while maintaining steady sales - extremely rare in the industry (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Amgen-Inc-Company-History.html)
    • Founded in 1980. By 1986 was starting to turn a profit, but did so not through drug development but through research partnerships with established pharma firms
    • 1987, develop erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell creation. Sold the marketing rights to Johnson&Johnson
    • Epogen proves to hugely popular - over $250m in sales in 1991 alone
    • Between 1992 and 1996, Amgen's R&D budget goes from $182 million to $663 million

What

  • ten approved drugs for 15 conditions, 23 agents are being tested earlier in the approval pipeline
    • drugs include: Epogen, Aranesp, Enbrel, Kineret, Neulasta, Neupogen, Sensipar / Mimpara and Nplate
  • As a side-result of this research, also publishes in academic journals (e.g. http://en.scientificcommons.org/40666678)

Where

  • Thousand Oaks, CA

News

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Genentech

Who

What

Where

  • South San Francisco

News

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Genzyme

Who

  • 2007, US$2.89B operating income, $3.81B revenue ("Genzyme," Wikipedia)

What

  • Cerezyme (treats Gaucher's disease) accounts for 30% of company's revenue
  • Renagel, for dialysis patients
  • Fabrazyme, for Fabry's disease

Where

  • Cambridge

News

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Gilead Sciences

Who

What

  • Products for HIV/AIDS, respiratory and heart conditions, and liver disease
  • Over a dozen drugs in the development pipeline, Phase I or later

Where

  • Foster City, California

News

  • 1990 reaches agreement with Glaxo to research and develop "antisense" -- genetic code blockers
  • Goes public in 1992
  • 1996 - first commercial product, Vistide, treats cytomegalovirus
  • 1999 - acquires NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
  • 2003 acquires Triangle Pharmaceuticals
  • 2006, FDA approves Atripla for HIV-victims
  • 2006 acquires Corus Pharma, Inc.
  • 2006 acquires Myogen, Inc.
  • 2006 acquires Raylo Chemicals, a pharma producer - is Gilead Sciences trying to become a pharma company?

Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News

Biogen Idec

Who

What

  • Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and a treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which is co-marketed with Genentech
  • Most revenue derived from Avonex, it's MS treatment

Where

  • Kendall Scquare, Cambridge
  • from Wikipedia: commercial affiliates in "Germany, France, Spain/Portugal, UK/Ireland, the Benelux, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Austria"
  • Research centers in San Diego and Research Triangle Park, N.C.

News

  • 2003, Biogen and IDEC merge

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Cephalon

Who

What

Where

News

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MedImmune

Who

What

Where

News

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Celgene

Who

What

Where

News

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Abraxis BioScience

Who

What

Where

News

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ImClone Systems

Who

What

Where

News

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