Educational Materials: Difference between revisions

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== Field Definition ==
== Field Definition ==


=== Basic Definition ===
=== Basic Definition ===
The Field of Educational Materials refers to a subset of the book, internet, and software publishing industries that is focused on providing resources to a variety of educational market segments. This generally includes textbooks and course materials such as course packs, supplementary reading, and games and activities. In addition, this sector also provides materials for testing and assessment, materials for teachers, such as teachers guides, and materials under the articulation and evaluation groups.
The field of educational materials (EM) refers to a subset of the book, games, Internet, and software publishing industries that is focused on providing resources to a variety of educational market segments. For instance, PricewaterhouseCoopers characterizes the EM sector as divided into digital and non-digital solutions [[Bibliography for Item 1 in EM|(Cola, et al. 2009)]]. At the K-12 educational level, digital solutions include a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development—however, we will only focus on those digital solutions products that have specific educational purposes and where knowledge is embedded in a form that can be enclosed by some form of intellectual property. Regarding non-digital solutions, we include textbooks, course packs and other supplementary materials, and various educative toys and games.
 
Actors providing these materials are private companies, such as publishers which control the textbook and complementary materials market; global media companies focused in the family-based market - here Discovery Chanel is an example; universities providing closed and open educational materials and public institutions, such as national public radio.
 
"A significant feature of most educational resources is that they are restricted to many and can cost a lot to gain access to. This is largely because of a market economy around educational resources. They are copyrighted and packaged up as objects--books, journals, videos--that have to be bought from a store or accessed through course fees or university repositories (libraries in most cases). Even if this copyrighted material is available in public libraries, it is then effectively rationed by the numbers of copies available and the costs and opportunity costs involved in people traveling to the library to use them (with that use being further restricted by the all rights reserved copyright applied to them)." [[Bibliography for Item 1 in EM|(Iiyoshi and Kumar 2008, 149)]]


=== History ===
Actors providing these materials are private companies such as publishers controlling the textbook and complementary materials markets; global media companies focused on the family-based market, such as the Discovery Channel; public institutions, such as National Public Radio; universities and their presses, providing both closed and open educational materials; and independent organizations and associations comprising educators and interested individuals wanting to contribute to the open educational resources ([[Commons-based Cases in EM#OER|OER]]) movement.
:''See [[History of US Textbook Publishing]]''


"The development of modern practices in textbook publishing in the USA was concomitant with the rise of mass education, characterized by graded organization of formal schooling into classes." [[History of US Textbook Publishing#Bibliography|(Watt 2007, 4)]]
"A significant feature of most educational resources is that they are restricted to many and can cost a lot to gain access to. This is largely because of a market economy around educational resources. They are copyrighted and packaged up as objects—books, journals, videos—that have to be bought from a store or accessed through course fees or university repositories (libraries in most cases). Even if this copyrighted material is available in public libraries, it is then effectively rationed by the numbers of copies available and the costs and opportunity costs involved in people traveling to the library to use them (with that use being further restricted by the all rights reserved copyright applied to them)." [[Bibliography for Item 1 in EM|(Iiyoshi and Kumar 2008, 149)]]


"Several surveys conducted in association with a report on textbooks issued in 1931 indicated that procedures for selecting authors, their role, and the methods they applied were well defined at this time. Commentators reporting on textbook publishing in the 1950s and 1960s depicted an industry in which the publishing process and the roles of authors, editors and sales people had been institutionalized for many years. However, the textbook publishing industry of that time was faced by the challenges of integrating new technologies in printing and new media for presenting materials. Commentators writing in the 1990s were more concerned to analyze changes in the textbook publishing industry occurring in response to globalization. Mergers and takeovers, resulting from reductions in profit margins faced by many textbook publishing companies, led to the incorporation of textbook publishing activities within multinational media, communications and entertainment conglomerates, whilst small emerging textbook publishing companies filled a vacuum in the marketplace as niche publishers." [[History of US Textbook Publishing#Bibliography|(Watt 2007, 5)]]
=== Technology History ===
:''See [[History of EM Field]]''


=== Taxonomy of Educational Materials Industries ===
=== Taxonomy of Educational Materials Industries ===
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==== Focus Market Segments ====
==== Focus Market Segments ====
*'''K-12 Level'''
*'''K-12 Level'''
*:The Educational Materials Sector for K-12 in the USA can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. Digital Solutions is a general term that describes a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development. While under the non-digital solutions for K-12 education we find textbooks, course-materials and other products, such as educative toys and games.  
*:The Educational Materials sector for K-12 in the US can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. Digital Solutions is a general term that describes a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development. While under the non-digital solutions for K-12 education we find textbooks, course-materials and other products, such as educative toys and games.  


*'''Higher Education Level'''
*'''Higher Education Level'''
**College Textbooks and Course Materials
*:Similar to the K-12 Level, the Educational Materials sector for Higher Education can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. However, there is a strong emphasis on the traditional college textbook and related course materials, including non-textbook academic and professional works used in college courses often published by [[IP Profile of Universities working in EM#Universities|University Presses]]. Digital solutions for Higher Education are most often electronic versions of textbooks and supplementary materials or activities.
** University Press
*** i.e. Non-textbook academic and professional works used in college courses


==== Deprioritized Market Segments ====
==== De-prioritized Market Segments ====
* Educational Software
* Educational Software
** Internet-based activities (in Flash, Java, etc.)
* Educational Video Games
** Educational Games
* Internet-based Activities (in Flash, Java, etc.)


=== Excluded from Field Definition ===
=== Excluded from Field Definition ===
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* Non-digital Educational Games
* Non-digital Educational Games
* Any resource not overtly produced for educational purposes
* Any resource not overtly produced for educational purposes
** i.e. Flickr photos and YouTube videos used in media education
** e.g. [http://www.flickr.com/ Flickr] photos used for media education,
* [http://www.youtube.com/edu YouTube EDU]
** e.g. [http://www.youtube.com/edu YouTube EDU]
 
== [[Educational_Materials/Paper|EM Paper]]==
This is the most recent draft of a paper summarizing the Educational Materials research contained in the wiki.


== Study of the field ==
== EM Essay==
Analyses of the EM sector based on the [[Field Research Methodology]] at:
* [http://publius.cc/brief_overview_us_public_policy_oer_californias_community_colleges_obama_ad A Brief Overview of U.S. Public Policy on OER from California's Community Colleges to the Obama Administration]
by Carolina Rossini, Erhardt Graeff, October 1, 2009


== Study of the Field ==
=== [[The K-12 Level]] ===
=== [[The K-12 Level]] ===
Analysis of the K-12 sector of the Educational Materials field, following the [[ICP Main Questions]].
=== [[The Higher Education Level]] ===
=== [[The Higher Education Level]] ===
Analysis of the Higher Education sector of the Educational Materials field, following the [[ICP Main Questions]].
=== [[Textbooks#Quadrants Mapping|Quadrants Mapping: Textbooks]] ===
These are the early "Quadrants Mappings" based on the field analysis for each Educational Materials market segment.


== Resources ==
== Resources ==
 
=== [[Educational Materials/Bibliography by Research Question|Bibliography by Research Question]] ===
=== Bibliographies Addressing Research Outline ===
=== [[Educational Materials/Bibliography by Resource Type|Bibliography by Resource Type]] ===
 
=== [[Educational Materials/Interviews|Interviews and Notes]] ===
[[Bibliography for Item 1 in EM]]<br>
=== [[Blogs to watch on EM]] ===
[[Bibliography for Item 2 in EM]]<br>
=== [[Contacts for EM]] ===
[[Bibliography for Item 3 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 4 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 5 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 6 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 7 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 8 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 9 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 10 in EM]]<br>
[[Bibliography for Item 11 in EM]]
 
=== Links ===
 
[[Links on EM]]
 
=== Blogs and news from the field ===
 
[[Blogs to watch on EM]]
 
=== Interviews ===  
''See [[Contacts for EM]] for full list of potential interviewees.''
 
==== Already Conducted ====
*'''[[wikipedia:Nicole_Allen|Nicole Allen]]'''
**Textbooks Advocate for [http://www.studentpirgs.org/ The Student PIRGs] and Campaign Director for [http://www.maketextbooksaffordable.org/ Make Textbooks Affordable]
**Phone: (617) 747 - 4409
**Email: nicole [at] studentpirgs [dot] org
**''E-mailed on 05/05/09''
 
*'''[http://creativecommons.org/about/people*82 Ahrash Bissell]'''
**Executive Director, [http://learn.creativecommons.org/ ccLearn]
**Email: ahrash [at] creativecommons [dot] org
**''Sent list of formal interview questions on 04/30/09''
***[[Ahrash Bissell Interview Notes]]
 
*'''Jonathan Emmons'''
**Community Development Specialist, [http://cnx.org Connexions]
**Phone: (713) 348 - 2392
**Email: jonathan [dot] emmons [at] cnx [dot] org
**''Conference Call Scheduled for 10am EDT on Monday, 03/25/09''
***[[Jonathan Emmons Interview Notes]]
 
*'''[http://cnx.org/member_profile/thierstj Joel Thierstein]'''
**Executive Director, [http://cnx.org Connexions]
**Email: joel [dot] thierstein [at] cnx [dot] org
**Alt Email: joel [dot] thierstein [at] rice [dot] edu
**''Proposed interview/call for week of 04/13/09''
***[[Joel Thierstein Interview Notes]]


= Navigation =
= Navigation =

Latest revision as of 00:14, 6 May 2010

Field Definition

Basic Definition

The field of educational materials (EM) refers to a subset of the book, games, Internet, and software publishing industries that is focused on providing resources to a variety of educational market segments. For instance, PricewaterhouseCoopers characterizes the EM sector as divided into digital and non-digital solutions (Cola, et al. 2009). At the K-12 educational level, digital solutions include a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development—however, we will only focus on those digital solutions products that have specific educational purposes and where knowledge is embedded in a form that can be enclosed by some form of intellectual property. Regarding non-digital solutions, we include textbooks, course packs and other supplementary materials, and various educative toys and games.

Actors providing these materials are private companies such as publishers controlling the textbook and complementary materials markets; global media companies focused on the family-based market, such as the Discovery Channel; public institutions, such as National Public Radio; universities and their presses, providing both closed and open educational materials; and independent organizations and associations comprising educators and interested individuals wanting to contribute to the open educational resources (OER) movement.

"A significant feature of most educational resources is that they are restricted to many and can cost a lot to gain access to. This is largely because of a market economy around educational resources. They are copyrighted and packaged up as objects—books, journals, videos—that have to be bought from a store or accessed through course fees or university repositories (libraries in most cases). Even if this copyrighted material is available in public libraries, it is then effectively rationed by the numbers of copies available and the costs and opportunity costs involved in people traveling to the library to use them (with that use being further restricted by the all rights reserved copyright applied to them)." (Iiyoshi and Kumar 2008, 149)

Technology History

See History of EM Field

Taxonomy of Educational Materials Industries

Focus Market Segments

  • K-12 Level
    The Educational Materials sector for K-12 in the US can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. Digital Solutions is a general term that describes a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development. While under the non-digital solutions for K-12 education we find textbooks, course-materials and other products, such as educative toys and games.
  • Higher Education Level
    Similar to the K-12 Level, the Educational Materials sector for Higher Education can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. However, there is a strong emphasis on the traditional college textbook and related course materials, including non-textbook academic and professional works used in college courses often published by University Presses. Digital solutions for Higher Education are most often electronic versions of textbooks and supplementary materials or activities.

De-prioritized Market Segments

  • Educational Software
  • Educational Video Games
  • Internet-based Activities (in Flash, Java, etc.)

Excluded from Field Definition

  • Encyclopedias
  • Periodicals
  • Non-digital Educational Games
  • Any resource not overtly produced for educational purposes

EM Paper

This is the most recent draft of a paper summarizing the Educational Materials research contained in the wiki.

EM Essay

by Carolina Rossini, Erhardt Graeff, October 1, 2009

Study of the Field

The K-12 Level

Analysis of the K-12 sector of the Educational Materials field, following the ICP Main Questions.

The Higher Education Level

Analysis of the Higher Education sector of the Educational Materials field, following the ICP Main Questions.

Quadrants Mapping: Textbooks

These are the early "Quadrants Mappings" based on the field analysis for each Educational Materials market segment.

Resources

Bibliography by Research Question

Bibliography by Resource Type

Interviews and Notes

Blogs to watch on EM

Contacts for EM

Navigation

Back to ICP Team Wiki Main Page

Retrieved from "http://cyber.harvard.edu/commonsbasedresearch/?title=Educational_Materials&oldid=7256"