July 6, 1999
Financial-Services Overhaul Bill
May Reach Clinton Before Fall
By MICHAEL SCHROEDER
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WASHINGTON -- The House's overwhelming approval of a
financial-services overhaul last week has given lawmakers and
administration officials confidence that final legislation could be presented
to President Clinton as early as the end of this summer.
Thursday's 343-86 vote marked the first time both chambers have passed
a bill that tears down Depression-era barriers between banks, insurers
and
brokers; the Senate version passed two months ago.
The next step is for a House-Senate conference committee to reconcile
differences between the two bills. Lawmakers then must approve the
combined version before seeking the president's signature.
The House leadership, in particular, is interested in pressing ahead quickly
while the issue is still hot. The most ambitious plan is to craft a joint
bill by
the Aug. 6 recess; the compromise bill would still need to clear both
houses.
With House passage last week, "the bill has tremendous momentum," said
Ed Yingling, chief lobbyist for the American Bankers Association.
Any combined bill that meets the administration's goals will require the
cooperation of Senate Banking Committee Chairman Phil Gramm of Texas
and the newly confirmed Treasury secretary, Lawrence Summers. Capitol
Hill staffers believe the two are prepared to work together to hash out
a
compromise.
"Together with Congress we believe we can construct a bill," said Gary
Gensler, the Treasury's undersecretary for domestic finance. While Mr.
Gensler has been the administration's policy point man on financial-services
overhaul, Mr. Summers has also played a key role.
'Within Our Grasp'
Mr. Gramm was equally optimistic. "With the House vote, we now have it
within our grasp to pass a good bill, and that's my objective," he said.
Although he has been at odds with the administration on several issues,
Mr. Gramm is known to work well with Mr. Summers. Within the past
few weeks, Mr. Gramm has huddled with Mr. Summers to discuss the
overhaul legislation and other issues. "Larry Summers is closer to my point
of view than 95% to 98% of the people in the Clinton administration," Mr.
Gramm said.
Both the House and Senate versions would allow banks, brokerage firms
and insurers to enter the full range of financial businesses. If the reform
becomes law, a raft of major interindustry mergers is expected as firms
position themselves as one-stop financial companies offering customers
virtually any insurance, banking or investment product.
Still, there are significant differences between the Senate and House
versions. Although the administration said Mr. Clinton supports the House
bill, he has threatened to veto the final legislation if it doesn't satisfy
his
positions on protecting personal consumer information, low-income lending
requirements and the Treasury's role in overseeing new financial
conglomerates.
Issue of Community Lending
The Senate version contains provisions, sponsored by Mr. Gramm, that
water down the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act, which requires banks
to make loans in low-income and minority neighborhoods. The Senate bill
would exempt small rural banks from the community-lending law and make
it harder for the government to use satisfactory community-lending ratings
as a requirement for banks' being allowed to expand.
On the other hand, the House bill extends CRA compliance to the holding
companies as a way for regulators to block mergers if bank units don't
have satisfactory records of low-income lending. The only middle ground
likely would be leaving CRA untouched -- neither cutting back nor
extending its reach.
The issue of protecting consumer financial information emerged in the past
few weeks as the most controversial. While the Senate doesn't address the
issue, the House added provisions that would give customers the right to
block financial institutions from sharing personal information with outside
companies. Consumer polls show such overwhelming support for
protecting financial information that lawmakers aren't likely to weaken
the
House privacy provisions.
Battle by Lobbyists
The administration will try to expand protections, but pushing too hard
could scuttle the bill. Financial-industry lobbyists fought back attempts
to
extend limitations on sharing information among affiliated companies.
Cross-marketing to customers is a prime rationale for consolidating
financial firms, they argued.
A major fight also looms on provisions to reinforce privacy protections
for
customers' medical information.
In addition, Mr. Gramm believes the Federal Reserve Board should be the
primary regulator of new financial conglomerates. But the House bill
endorses the administration's position that the Treasury Department should
have significant oversight authority. On this matter, lobbyists believe
the
House view is likely to prevail.