TheMostRemarkableFormulaInTheWorld

At least according to Richard Feynman, the most remarkable formula in the world is:

e^(i*pi) + 1 = 0.

where e is the base of the natural logarithms, i is the square-root of -1 (imaginary numbers), and pi is the ratio of the circumferance of a circle with its diameter.

-- RaviDesai.
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Is there a name for the formula?

What does it mean--what does it show--why is it remarkable?  (Not sure what I'm asking here, but you probably do.)

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Richard Feynman is a NobelPrizeWinner in PhysICs (quantum electrodynamics, 1950s?). He found this formula funny because it links all the main constants a human being is exposed to in this world. Zero and unity arise kinda naturally: one is how one starts to count, and zero comes later... when one does not want to :). pi is a constant related to our world being Euclidean (otherwise, the ratio of the length of a circumference to its diameter would not be a universal constant, i.e. the same for all circumferences). The e constant is related to the speed of change, or growth, or whatever like that, as the solution to the simplest growth equation dy/dx=y is y=e^x. Finally, i is the concept introduced mathematically to have a nice property that all polynomials of degree n have exactly n roots in the complex plane. So, quite a lot of rather deep concepts are interrelated within this formula. Of course, there is a number of other ways to arrive to any of those numbers... which only underlines their fundamentality :).

Stas----

TheMostRemarkableFormulaInTheWorld is an example of Euler’s Theorem from Complex Analysis.


Euler’s Theorem states that:


                                 e^(ib) = cos(b) + i * sin(b) where b is a real number.


So, if b = pi, then  e^(i*pi) = cos(pi) + i * sin(pi).


Then, since cos(pi) = 1 and sin(pi) = 0,


                                   e^(i*pi) = - 1, and e^(i*pi) + 1 = 0.

The proof of Euler’s Theorem involves the definition of "e," by a Taylor’s Series Expansion of  e^z, where z is a complex number, DeMoivre’s Formula, and the Taylor’s Series Expansion of the sine and cosine functions.

Despite, this last remark, Euler's Theorem is considered a direct consequnce of the formualtion of e^z, where z is a complex number.